MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE
VINNYTSYA NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
ÂIÑÍÈÊ ÂIÍÍÈÖÜÊÎÃÎ ÏÎËIÒÅÕÍI×ÍÎÃÎ IÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÓ
SCIENCE JOURNAL
Founded in 1993
Periodicity 6 once an year
2008
CONTENTS
AUTOMATION AND INFORMATION-MEASURING EQUIPMENT
Mathematical model on the basis of which the structure of the system for the evaluation of bearing unit technical state of streetcar traction engine by the level of vibrations is synthesized. The system allows to evaluate the state of bearings at any moment to time.
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Analysis of serviceability estimation methods has been performed. The method of serviceability definition of complex objects on the basis of construction of diagnostic model and definition of relative sensitivity of parameters to changes in object is offered.
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The problem of optimum strategy multistage technological process control, which determines the model of the state, model of supervision at presence of surges which influence both the object and the observed output value within the limits of stages and interstage connections is considered .
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The problem of structurization and identification of nonlinear, non-stationary multistage technological process with distributed parameters by modeling by the system of the simple differential equations with structural and time decomposition is solved.
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The paper studies aggregating interval type-2 fuzzy model (AIT2FM) capabilities for forecasting of time series. This model consists of a set of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2FLS) with various input numbers. IT2FLS is also studied to let us construct adequate IT2FLSs. It allows to construct adequate AIT2FM that gives narrower prediction intervals than IT2FLS.
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Two algorithms for optimization of the design of distributed technical security systems were described. The first algorithm is a straightforward algorithm for formal description of the object security sensor coverage task. The second algorithm, is a genetic algorithm that allows to solve the produced by straightforward algorithm task in most optimal way. Both algorithms were incorporated into a new module of security sensor networks computer aided design software that allows to produce better security systems in comparison to known solutions and the time for their realization was reduced.
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Two-level model of consumers choice on prices line of products of certain designation is suggested and realized. The research of products sale rate distribution is carried out. The problem of local instability of products line is investigated.
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Concepts of vertically-integrated systems models are suggested and elaborated. Put and decided task Problem of optimum distribution of resources between the elements of vertically-integrated system is proposed and solved. Functional scheme of system element is elaborated.
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Three new schemes of realization of potentiometer facilities intended for measuring of activity of ions are suggested, their transformation equations are given, characteristics of digitization errors change are investigated. On the basis of reference information about the errors of component elements used for construction of the offered facilities of measuring and errors of digitization the total errors of measuring facilities are calculated and recommendation concerning the possible ways of increasing the reliability of ions activity control of component elements of humus in the soil are given.
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The technique of measurement of polarization characteristics of biotissues and the scheme a two-wave imaging polarimetric system of eye-processor type for their analysis are offered. Results of experimental research of spatial distributions of anisotropic parameters of thin skin samples with the sites affected by melanoma are presented.
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The proposed method for sub-pixel edge detection of object in images, based on low-pass filtration, using polynomial interpolation, that helps to get coordinates of edge point with sub-pixel accuracy is suggested.
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The paper analyzes the principal approaches to choosing the radiation source in the optical and electronic devices, there had been analyzed the dependence of the electric and light parameters of the incandescent lamps on the supply voltage changes. There had been obtained the mathematic model of the radiation source which enables to determine the value of the light stream under the real voltage supply.
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Graduation test stand for pressure pipes is offered. It is adapted for work together with the standard graduation unit ÓÏËÃ-2500, which is used for gas mechanical counters check. The generator of pulses is developed, frequency of which depends on gas expense at calibrating process. Stand operation principle, that takes into account gas mechanical counters features, is considered.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
Materials of experimental model research of band foundation strengthening by piles of different length and with different step are suggested, the results of research, using the method of boundary elements are presented.
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HUMANIZATION AND HUMANITARIZATION OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
The paper contains generalized information dealing with humanitarian conferences held at VNTU. Humanitarian content of education is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of conservation of humanitarian values in the system of higher education and actualization of humanization processes.
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In the article the theoretical aspects of art studio functioning are considered as a creative association of gifted young people in a higher educational establishment.
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The content and structure of foreign language competence are revealed in the paper. The importance of its understanding by students in the process of foreign language study is demonstrated, since the foreign language competence makes up the basis of foreign language culture, therefore it ensures high level of foreign language mastership.
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The article surveys the main priorities of language policy of the Kingdom of Sweden (multilingual status of the country, promoting plurilingualism, internationalisation of education) and their influence on humanization of education and the society on the whole.
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In this article we will consider psychological aspects of creative personality and how it shows itself in student's society. We will look at the personality's experience of young people, when they feel themselves as creative persons. Author was analyzed how the condition of psychological health of students could be influenced by their creative realization.
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Given article is devoted to one possible variant of the methods of integration of scientific and technical, natural and humanitarian knowledge into the teaching process, that is done on the basis of studying of the history of technical subjects.
The content of the article shows the importance of including historical digressions into the education process and creation of strong stable motivation of students towards study.
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The fundamentals of humanistic theories of creativity with regard to possible using of their main ideas in the education have been considered.
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The paper considers the role and place of mass media activity, electronic mass media both in the world changing under the influence of global economic and social transformations and in Ukraine.
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ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
In article the integrated approach to the selection of candidates on contract military service is offered, the approach is based the developed models of components of the general candidate's preparation to service in Armed forces of Ukraine.
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The problem of integration of mathematical calculable packages| with geoinformation systems is considered. Theoretical and practical bases of the method of automation of results visualization of natural processes simulation in the geoinformation systems are developed. The specialized software for work with the geoinformation systems in a format GIS "Panorama 9" and with mathematical calculable software packages MS Excel is created.
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The model of the forecast of the demand for qualified personnel for the development of Ukrainian economy is suggested. The balance method of determination of general and additional labour is the basis of the given model.
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The economic efficiency and the value of avoided ecological damage due to the implementation of the phosphate raw material processing technology applying hydrosulphate method were calculated.
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The research is devoted to the problems of functioning of various styles of administrative activity in the sphere of higher and secondary special education; classifications of varieties of leading influence in the system of education applying the method developed by Helen Tunik are considered; features of individual styles of administration and combinations of different methods of administrative intercourse in the activity of a leader are investigated.
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Ecological and economic aspects and prospects of development of alternative energy in Ukraine are considered. Expedience, recoupment and efficiency of introduction of renewable energy sources, in the national economy are investigated.
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The paper presents the basis of analytical and economic-mathematical models of the enterprise efficient quality management. There had been also marked the basic groups of factors, which determine the efficiency of such management, and its evaluation had been realized on the example of machine-building enterprises of Vinnytsia Region.
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The paper considers the conceptual grounds of the possibility to apply use game theory for the evaluation of role of corporate conflict and the methodical fundamentals of such analysis are generalized. From these positions the efficiency of corporate management by enterprises on the whole is analyzed, taking into account the specific features of domestic enterprises.
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The generalized survey of financial planning on microeconomic level is carried out. Separate methodical aspects regarding the elaboration of financial plan are considered in the paper. Technique aimed at composing of current financial plan of industrial enterprise in accounting is suggested.
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The paper considers the corporative conflict in social and economic content, with further analyses of their functions and peculiarities, including the character of widened conflicts on the machine engineering enterprises of Vinnytsia Region. The
Analyses of evaluation methods in intensivity of corporative conflicts had been made.
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A new way to provide the efficiency of machine-building enterprises has been proposed, the present situation in machine-building industry in Ukraine has been characterized, category “anticrisis potential of an enterprise” and its actuality for the analysis of efficiency of machine-building enterprises have been formulated, the model of providing anticrisis potential of an enterprise has been proposed.
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Structural and mathematical DSS models for definition of investment risk is elaborated. Efficiency is proved, the device of Hopfild neuron network for formalization of constructed DSS is used.
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A mathematical model for description of influence of public institutes and corruption on investment development of Ukraine is obtained. It is shown that economic losses due to imperfection of public institutions make more than 20-30% of GDP. Mechanisms for transformation of imperfect public institutions are suggested and internal sources for financing of this process are proposed.
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Approaches to the definition of the concept «Intellectual capital» aimed at its adaptation to the terms of activity of domestic enterprises .are considered The features of intellectual capital and its similarity and differences from physical capital are determined. The basic constituents of intellectual capital and their interaction are determined groups of indexes which correspond to the structure of intellectual capital of enterprise structure are represented. Basic directions of intellectual capital development as a competitive advantage of the enterprise are suggested.
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The influence of monetary policy on macroeconomic development and its monetary instruments is investigated. Some monetary and economic measures to be carried by the National Bank of Ukraine are offered in order to prevent negative tendency of macroeconomic indexes changes in Ukraine
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Reasons and mechanisms of taxes evading in the budget are analyzed. Also we analyzed the correlation between the level of tax burden and level of tax evading. We offered some steps which will help to withdraw the incomes from the shadow.
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Methodological principles of the category “Economic behavior of an enterprise” as one of the key category of explanation of enterprises functioning are formulated. Description of the model of enterprise’s economic behavior was performed; the economic and mathematical description of efficiency of the model of economic behavior for formulation of more efficient policy and strategy of an enterprise is suggested.
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Models of mortgage crediting widely used in the world are considered. These models include: open expanded model, open-cut, balanced and autonomous models. The choice of the most suitable and adapted for present conditions of national economy model is substantiated. New approaches to state housing policy, based on changes of priorities in the development of housing problem solution are suggested.
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A game-theoretical analysis of influencing of negotiation power at co-operation «professor–University» testifies that in the conditions of modern Ukraine the system of education will degrade, because for professor’s strategy of activity the rational choice will be to «imitation». It is shown that the formal criteria of estimation of professor’s work, which can be applied from the side of University, can not cause change of professor strategy choice. The mechanisms of creation of new public institutes, which lead to the choice both by professor and University the strategy to «work» as the rational choice are discussed.
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The mathematical model of strategic goal estimation is developed. Its peculiarity is in decomposition of complex function of a strategic goal level estimation that makes it possible to represent the set of incoming estimating parameters on the set of out-coming decisions. DSS is constructed to define the strategic goal level of a firm on the base of mathematical apparatus of fuzzy sets. It allows to take into account economic subjects with different types of estimating parameters without using all its possible combinations. It reduces considerably the cost price of taken decision and decreases time expenses of the persons, who take it.
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ENERGY GENERATION AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
There had been suggested mathematical models of the multimass distributed dynamic systems of multicar trains class with electric traction suitable for problems of their traction electric drives modes optimization.
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The problem of the optimum load distribution of the electric power system between the electrical stations is investigated. New criteria of the optimum distribution of the resistive load between the electrical stations in modern market conditions are proposed. The approach, which makes it possible not only to determine the optimal solutions for the specific subjects of the wholesale market for the electric power of the Ukraine, but to form the optimum technical and economic conditions of their joint functioning with the use of predominantly economic levers and technical limitations is considered.
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New method of determination of electric parameters of asynchronous motors in transient mode is considered. During starting of asynchronous motor for determination of its parameters spectral passive parameters which are informing parameters during transitional processes are used. The use of two phase criteria of quasi-equilimbrium is the basis of the developed method.
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The improved algorithm of compilation of routes matrix, suitable for usage on personal computers is showed. The examples are considered: calculation of flows and power losses, calculation of EERP ( Economic Equivalent of Reactive Power), sorting of the list of graph branches in more comprehensible to perception form. Methods are suggested: simultaneous calculation of flows and losses of power, sorting of the list of graph branches.
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The system of thermal and humidity treatment control of construction materials, which is based on the obtained mathematical models of the technological process of construction materials manufacturing and allows to carry out the quality control is suggested. The technological mode of thermal and humidity treatment using the aerodynamic heater of ring-type is proposed . Block-diagram of the algorithm of thermal treatment technological modes control is constructed.
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The method of two levels middle-term forecasting of month power consumption of power association is offered. The described algorithm of the forecast allows to calculate total energy consumption taking into account the influence of meteorological and technological factors on random time interval with satisfactory for technological requirements accuracy.
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Nowadays embedded and autonomous systems are widely used. The performance requirements that were important previously are substituted with the requirements of the minimal power consumption. Optimisation of power consumption can be provided in different ways. The most flexible approach is optimisation of the software. It is proposed that experimental data must be generalised with the help of neural networks in order to estimate the power consumption during software executing. Methodology of development of training set for the estimation of power consumption of instructions will be represented. Data-processing instructions of ARM7TDMI will be used as reference.
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A simulation model of valve engine, which obtains voltage of the set frequency from the frequency converter with the intermediate link of direct current, is developed. The analysis of electromagnetic compatibility of frequency-regulated electric drive with the feeding network in the Matlab environment is performed. Results of system modeling , curves of input current and voltage, their harmonic spectra at different parameters of the system are presented.
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The development of the method of variable energy losses calculation in distributive networks of low voltage using genetic optimization is offered, it allowed to increase accuracy of calculation.
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It is necessary to consider many factors while synthesis of the gas-transport systems connected with designed changes and increase in the number of the equipment units. Optimality criterion can be general minimal expenses per year, including capital outlays, operation costs and costs of technical servicing. Results of use of the Pinch-method's combination together with exergy analysis for synthesis of the gas-transport nets are presented in the report.
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Thermal balance-sheet of b³îgas installation is offered and the numeral experiment of its constituents is performed. It is defined, that optimum thermal balance can be provided by the increase of thermal resistance of covering constructions and reduction of heat losses from b³îgas installation. The dependences of heat losses in the b³îconversion systems on temperatures of external air for different coefficients of thermal resistance of heat transfer.
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The paper presents the analysis of the current state of theory of electrodynamic simulation of conversion and control of the moment of inertia in mechanical and electromechanical systems, establishes individual problems and discovers presumable solutions.
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The method and the device of continuous control of the energy that is absorbed by the body of man during repairing work on the potential of transmission line voltage 220—750 kV is suggested. The dosemeter that is proposed allows to increase the accuracy of permissible dose of electric field’s influence, also allows to evaluate the level of safety and to improve the working conditions during the work at electric installations of super high voltage.
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In the case of the possibility of incomplete balancing of loadings it is expedient to use two-phase balancing installation, as they provide the minimal economic charges at admissible value of asymmetry factor of the voltage in a reverse sequence. The conditions of balancing of loadings are obtained, presented as active conductivity of reverse sequence in systems of coordinates relatively phases A, B and C, that provides an opportunity of essential reduction of errors due to the identity of construction of measuring channels of two phase balancing installations.
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Indices of operation of gas-steam installations with boiler-utilisers and additional in incineration of fuel are determined. Nomograph for determination of these indices are constructed.
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New approach to modeling of the coefficient of group loading form is offered by means of theory of fuzzy sets for the tasks of electric energy losses calculation in distributive networks.
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The analysis of standard documents on payment for reactive power consumption is carried out. New, more advanced approaches to payment calculation for reactive power in special situations are offered.
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Flow diagram and operation algorithm of diagnostics system of tram electric drive is developed.It allows simultaneously to control three parameters of electric drive operation.
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Results of research of changes of active power additional losses in distributive networks of power suppliers and users of electric power at balancing of electric modes are given. Properties revealed allow to formulate possible approaches to balancing of the mode and to synthesize control algorithms by balancing devices.
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The indices of operation of binary installations with low-temperature organic heat carrier operating on industrial thermal heating plants are considered.
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The analysis of specification documents concerning payment for the consumption of reactive energy is performed. The transition from payment for the consumption of reactive energy to payment for the consumption of reactive power is offered.
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The results of classification of information, connected with solid fuel 100kWt boilers are presented in the paper. The analyzed indexes of boilers of home and foreign production are compared. The ways improvement of power efficiency of boilers of small power are offered.
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Analysis of existing methods for determination efficiency of operation of thermal power station is carried out. Their drawbacks are revealed. Simple technique is suggested and convenient formulae for determination of fuel saving at steam-turbine power stations and gas turbine power stations are obtained.
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Spectral values and quasi-balanced method are used for definition of parameters of asynchronous motors during electromechanical transients.
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Experimental stand for the study of intensification of heat exchange in the fire-tube hot water boiler of small capacity. The expediency of application of heat exchange intensifiers is proved The insertions of original construction are used in research .Their efficiency is investigated. The results of research are analyzed.
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Digital correction methods of non-linearity input current converters in the electronic meters of electric energy is investigated. New method of obtaining of correcting function and technique of its statistical processing is developed. Heuristic algorithm of piece-linear interpolation with free limits of area determination is elaborated.
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Principles of usage of detander-generators units for the production of electric power at the gas-pumping stations and boiler rooms are considered. The analysis is carried out in relation to application of steam engines of new type instead of processes of steam throttling in steam boiler rooms. Comparative tables and nomogram are resulted for the estimation of efficiency units operation according to the offered schemes.
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Intensification of heat exchange is experimentally studied in the fire – tube hot water boiler of small power. The insertions of original construction are used in research.
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Influence of amplitude- and phase-modulated supply voltage on power parameters of static thyristor compensator of reactive power with an earthed neutral is investigated at symmetric or asymmetrical control by thyristors of bithyristors keys. Factors which allow to optimize operating modes of the compensator, and to increase its economic efficiency as the source of reactive power are considered.
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New approaches regarding improvement of methods of estimation of electric power losses by means of Ìamdani fuzzy logic conclusion and determination losses calculation error due to representation of fuzzy values in the form of alpha-levels are considered.
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The paper presents the mathematical model which allows to determine the allowed operation term of the transformer in the overloading mode without the decrease of general operation period on the known environmental temperature, level of overloading and loading value, which took place prior to the overloading moment. There had been built the resource characteristics of the transformer of ÒÑÃË type (three phase dry transformer with geofol insulation) with the demonstration of its application.
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The analysis of structure, functions of automated systems of commercial account of electric power (ASCA) in Ukraine, and basic problems which arise on the way of its introduction are considered. The method of determination of optimum sequence of introduction of measuring environment of ASCA, which is based on the method of analysis of Saati hierarchies and game theorises is suggested.
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The problem dealing with the increase of the processes of energy consumption of asynchronous motors during their start up and in sharply variable operation modes has been solved as a result of application of reactive power regulating devices. Their operation principle is based on usage of spectral passive parameters.
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Paper is devoted to research of combined operation of pumping units of the station with the network of water-supply for providing necessary value of water. The technique aimed at determination of performance ratio of certain number of pumps to provide the supply of required volume of water is elaborated. Dependencies of productivity on relative rotation speed of one pump are obtained, these dependences provide parallel operation of pumping units for water supply net in required range of station performance of the station.
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The paper suggests both the mathematical model, which characterizes the scanning process of the thermal fields of electrical machines, and the thermal imaging device for the measurements of thermal fields of working electrical machines.
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The mathematical model of control paths diagnosing is offered, which allows to improve control paths diagnosing by realization of measuring channel speed-up search in the circuit of which the most suspicious level of signal is present. Corresponding block diagram of microprocessor diagnosing device is offered and its operation algorithm is developed.
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Electric measuring devices research technique for traction substations and research results for these substations in Vinnytsia are offered in this work.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPUTER SCIENCES
The web information blocks importance evaluation problem is considered in this paper. The theoretical background, a set of factors potentially influencing block importance are proposed. The factor analysis has been conducted and the regression equation for the web information blocks importance evaluation is obtained.
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Conditions and criteria of stable functioning of optical geoinformation-power networks were determined in this work. Mathematical dependences for these criteria are determined, balances for information and power components are described.
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Concepts of the structure of distributed systems models are suggested and considered on the base of structural, functional and reduction decompositions of complex system. Models and methods realizing the suggested concepts are developed.
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The method of forecasting of processes states in personal computers is developed, it allows to forecast the emerging of a situation of mutual blocking of processes on basis of analysis of interaction of processes signatures.
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One of the perspective directions of ADC development is their construction using redundant positional notation systems (RPNS). Variable approximation cycle duration allows maximal usage of weight redundancy potential. The article contains structure of SAR ADC with variable cycle duration based on redundant positional notation systems of {0, 1} and {1, -1} types. The structure of device for generation of cycles with variable durations for this ADC is shown.
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Analysis of the basic methods of åðó search of the Trojan programs has been performed. A new intelligent method of the search of the Trojan programs in the personal computer using fuzzy logic and the algorithms of the artificial immune systems has been developed
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The problem of formalization of component structures construction process for the systems of the in-circuit diagnosis of digital devices is considered. Algorithmic designs are offered by similar structures on the basis of the INPUT criteria of forming of relations of component relations formation.
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Problem of multidimensional pulse series recognition and possible ways of its solving were considered. For recognition problem solving pulsed neuron network, consisted of pulsed (or LIF — Leaky Integrate-and-Fire) neuron with recurrent connections was used. To determine the best algorithm by the criterion of validity and the error value, back propagation and linear classification algorithms were used for the network training. Analysis of the results testifies that the best algorithm is the linear classification one.
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Modified mathematical model of Ermit cubic splines enabling to improve interpolation properties of Ermit splines is suggested. The elaborated model of interpolation should be applied for selection of basic points, describing smooth approached to periodic graphs. Calculation of unknown spline factors is performed approximately, predetermining increase of fast acting and reduction of interpolation accuracyas compared with Ermit splines.
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The basic characteristics of pipe-line processors are considered. The values and the efficiency coefficients of pipe-line processor with difference-cut vector data arrays processing are analyzed.
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The primary and second errors of elements of digital-analog and analog-digital converters, their influence on transformation characteristic are considered. Structural diagrams of information converters built on SSN (surplus scale of notation) are suggested. Analytical equations of fault tolerance during the gradual failure are obtained. It is proved that the application of procedure of selfcalibration gives the possibility to reduce considerably errors of conversion characteristic.
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The possibility of application of intelligent technologies for election of youth leader is considered. The technique of knowledge obtaining in the form of fuzzy rules "IF-THEN" with further possibility of their processing by means of fuzzy logic is suggested.
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The paper considers the results of statistic research regarding the visits of the site "Electronic publications of the materials of the conference "Humanism and Education" held 3rd March - 3rdJune 2008.
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Theoretical and algorithmic principles of new method for automated formation of complicated reports of relative data basis of information systems, which is analogues to the sequential method for designing technical systems have been elaborated. Method, based on introduction of input and output data in the kind of sequential model allows to synthesize the program code for formation of the report for the set range of input and output data without the requiring the language SQL knowledge.Main operations with data, which take place during report formation of information systems are formalized
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New digital method of ADC self-calibration with charge redistribution is described. The method is based on the usage of weight redundancy and is characterized by considerable reduction of methodical error. Analytical relations for computation of corrections are obtained.
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The problem of optimization of amount of the attributive parameters of information component of geoinformation models is considered. The theoretical basics and algorithm of implementation of optimization method based on neural networks are developed .The example from thesphere of ecological monitoring is suggested.
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Modern methods of task complexity estimation that are performed in large software development projects were analyzed and their imperfections were found. Fuzzy model of task complexity dependence on their characteristics was developed to help project managers to increase planning accuracy.
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Bit-wise operation on golden-ratio codes allows to reduce the number of information interconnections in distributed calculations.
Peculiarities of construction and operation of the device intended for bit-wise subtraction of golden ratio codes are considered. The unit for bit-wise subtraction with reduced hardware expenditures is proposed. Time relation processing diagrams are suggested.
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The method of elimination of reference wave field in holographic image and corresponding to it direct beam of light in reconstructed image is presented. Due to the direct light attenuation the weak interference and diffracted waves can be intensified and the improvement of image visualization may be achieved. For reference wave elimination its approximation by principal Eigen harmonic components is used. As a result, the weak interference and diffracted waves are not corrupted.
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The aspects of optoelectronic realization of the associative processor with presentation of the example of its practical application are considered and analyzed. The advantage of the using of optoelectronic circuits solutions, namely, 3D optical IC, photomatrix associative memory, optoelectronic IC as smart-pixels matrixes are shown.
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Application of fiber-optic channels for information and energy transmission, by means of light stream in one fiber for all-optical geoinformation-energy networks is suggested. Principles of operation of optical channels for geoinformation-energy networks using WDM technologies are suggested, the advantages of such optical channels are substaintiated, structural diagrams of optical information-energy channels are developed.
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Different selfcalibration strategies of bit weights of successive balancing ADC with redundancy, built on inaccurate DAC are examined. Redundant positioning notation systems, their main types, notions of absolute and relative weight redundancy are analysed. Structured diagrams of information converters based on SSN (surplus scale of notation) and flowgraphs of their conversion characteristic calibration algorithms are analyzed. It is proved that growth of inaccurate bits number, causes the necessity to apply the strategy of selfcalibration with scan averaging.
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TRANSPORT
Methods and results of the comparative analysis of braking devices are presented intended for the short-time dissipation of the large amounts of kinetic energy and provision of highly accurate braking laws with their multiple repetition are presented in the paper. It is shown that in order to create braking devices capable to provide the set of quality parameters it is necessary to use hydraulic drives. The application of proportional or digital hydraulic equipment control will make it possible to ensure the required accuracy in braking laws realization as well as dissipation of the necessary amounts of energy. The extended load range, improved efficiency and reliability of the hydraulic braking devices are enabled by the application of combined braking devices including frictional, rubber and spring-loaded elements.
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The passport of materials applied in stomatology is elaborated: self solidifying plastics — «Redont-03» and thermoplastic masses —propylene of «LIPOL-M» brand. Experimentally got and confronted Such characteristics s as viscosity, elasticity and a number of other mechanical characteristics, determining wear resistance, durability and longevity of products made of the given materials are obtained and compared experimentally
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Mathematical model of hydraulic drive with pressure pipe line and the results of its study from the point of evaluation of the influence of elastic insert (high pressure hoses) in long pipe line on the character of transient processes emerging while starting of the drive is considered. The influence of the number of elastic inserts on the distribution of the value of maximum pressure in the pipe line is analyzed , dependence of their rational number on internal diameter and pipe line length is determined.
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The paper contains the results of research of the influence of the mechanical and chemical action on the value of potential of grey cast-iron of SCH-36-56 and steels: 3, 45, 3X13, X18N9 and 12X18N10T and character of passive films formed in the dynamic conditions of vibrotreatment, and also on quality of surface and character of its microrelief.
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Pneumohydraulic drive has been designed for formation of rectangular pressure pulses to the stand intended for durability tests of high-pressure sleeves. Mathematical model of the drive has been developed and transient process stability has been investigated. It is shown that transient process parameters satisfy the norms and requirements to the stands intended for this purpose.
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The problems of determination of the car technical state applying the complex of diagnostic parameters are considered in the paper. The technique of determination of diagnostics efficiency in technical exploitation of cars is suggested
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The mathematical model of work of a hydraulic drive of triaxial testing equipment at cyclic loading tests of the specimen of the soil is developed. Mathematical expressions for definition of dynamic characteristics of the soil are received. Character of influence of operating parameters of a hydraulic drive of triaxial testing equipment on defined dynamic characteristics of the soil is revealed.
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The scheme of the installation for grinding of dispersible materials, that was developed by the authors, are examined in the paper. The installation can be created on the base of industrial prototypes of hammer crushers after their minimum modernization rework. In case of introduction of the offered installation, as it is proved by the conducted calculations, the consumption of electric power on a grinding will substantially be reduced, at providing of the unchanged productivity of the process and quality of raw material grinding.
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Basic schemes of mechanical vibration for the machine with rigid container are suggested. Mathematical models of alternative vibrodrives of the given machine are elaborated. The analysis carried out revealed the best technical-economic parameters of kinematic combined method of oscillations generation due to considerable reduction of oscillating and nonbalanced masses of the drive.
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Analysis of pressure change impact in accumulated volume of hydropulse drive on non uniformity of its electromechanical part operation is carried out, the expediency of fly-wheel installation on the shaft of electric motor drive to provide the operation of the latter with preset non uniformity factor is substantiated. The calculation technique described can be used for calculation hydrodrives with known regularities of load changes on the main shaft of their electromechanical part.
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For a conical gas suspension with longitudinal slots the depth of which diminishes with the step of gas flow the dimensionless structural parameters of slots are found which provide the increase of radial rigidity and elevating power as compared with conical suspension with optimal parameters of slots of constant depth by almost the same energy losses.
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The opportunity of diagnosing of the state of limiting form changing of castings in operations of sheet punching which is caused by deformability and loss of plastic forming stability in the form of local necking and blanks deforming is considered.
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RADIOELECTRONICS AND RADIOELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
The experimental method of determination of parameters of unijunction transistor is offered. Advantage of method is hyposthenic influence on the results of measurings of inductances of outputs and interelectrode capacities, and the stability of the measuring setting at measuring of parameters of potentially non-stable unijunction transistors, that leads to reduction of error determination.
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There has been presented the method of the ternary pulse adder synthesis. It differs from the known methods by using not logical elements, but physical diagrams scheme as a basis. The schemes transform frequencies and amplitudes of radiosignals. The synthesis of the full one-digit adder with ternary structure alphabet using pulse method for information presenting has been performed. There has been shown that the proposed method gave an opportunity to simplify a block diagram of the adder.
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The analysis of photoreactive effect in the field-effect transistor structures with bilateral illumination of the channel on the basis of the solution of equation of continuity of charge transmitters in the channel of transistor under the influence of light is conducted. It enabled the possibility to calculate in theoretically complete resistance of the channel and obtain analytical dependence of its constituents on power of optical radiation.
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In the paper modern technologies of ferroelectric| thin films, methods of construction of radiomeasuring | microelectronic transformers of temperature are analyzed. A new method of measuring of temperature on the basis of combined ferroelectric thin | films and transistors structures with negative resistance was offered and electric circuits of radiomeasuring | microelectronic transformers of temperature on the basis of structure metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor were developed.
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The opportunity of realization of the electrovacuum device of vircator type which principle of action is based on interaction of an electronic beam with plasma is shown. Mathematical model of plasma-beam vircator was developed on the basis of which basic target characteristics and power of the device are calculated. Graphic dependences of power plasma-beam vircator on concentration of particles of plasma and on the frequency of generation at different pressure of working gas have been obtained. Theoretical and experimental research have shown, that with increase of pressure of working gas, the increase of power up to 90 GW and essential expansion of operation band of frequencies of the device occur.
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The mathematical noise model of operational amplifiers is offered, for forecast of their reliability by the level of low-frequency noise on the stage of manufacture and input control. Research of this model showed that the level of noise voltage was higher in devices with p-n-insulation, and also it was showed considerable influence exercised by the level of input current.
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The method aimed at increase of inductance multiplication factor using generalized emittance transformer as optimum inductance multiplier is developed.
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The paper considers the possibility of creation of microelectronic radiomeasuring thermal flowmeter without additional heating. The device consists of three thermo sensitive bipolar transistors, one of which together with RC-circuit performs the role active inductive element of oscillating loop. Analytical dependences of function of transformation and the equation of sensitivity are obtainved. Theoretical and experimental researches have shown, that sensitivity of elaborated flowmeter makes 1000…1750 Hz/l per hour.
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STRATEGY, CONTENT AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF TRANING SPECIALISTS AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The paper considers the issues related to the process of adaptation of the first year students to the educational conditions in the institution of higher education. There has been analyzed the basic factors of adaptation process. The attention is being focused on the theoretical aspects of the issues in question. Possible practical measures aimed at adaptation of the first-year students are elaborated.
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Components of teaching and educational work, requirements to the curator work and features of work in the youth environment in modern conditions are analyzed. Practical experience of the group curator is considered step by step.
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The paper compares the methods of teaching the subject "Safety of vital activity " at technical and economic higher educational establishments. The author considers the proposition to integrate the subjects "Safety of vital activity", "Civil Defense" and "Labor protection" in a single course "Safety of vital activity" at higher economic educational establishments and teaching it in the first semester as inexpedient.
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The article deals with the issues connected with testing in foreign languages and problems that should be solved for its successful application. General aspects, necessary for development of testing methodology of the communicative competence level are determined.
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The article considers the innovative methods of teaching foreign languages based on humanistic approach according to the principles of cooperative learning. The author represents the methodology of interactive training aimed at the creation of motivation, creative skills, language competence and training of future specialists.
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The paper contains the analysis of interactive methods used ("brain storming", sencan) in teaching humanities at higher education establishments, the problem of tolerance cultivation is considered.
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A number of interactive technologies has been studied and it has been proved that their usage does not only form and develop research, communicative and informational competences but also forms creativity, stimulates intellectual activity, helps to build relations between subjects, teaches to use telecommunication technologies and increases students' motivation towards the foreign language study.
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The problem of elaboration of methods, intended for improvement of psychologic condition of the first year students and their performance is solved. The paper contains the description of the discipline plan of individual work as well as calendar discipline plan of individual work. The paper contains the provisions forming the basis for planning, organization and control of individual work.
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The paper presents retrospective analysis of innovational training methods. There has been also given the brief analysis of the principal points of the theory of game activity, being formulated and developed by the classics of Russian and soviet pedagogics.
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The given paper considers the problem of self- motivation of students regarding professional practice at the enterprises. The professional practice of students is considered from the point of view of the classical contextual theory of motivation of personnel motivation by A. Maslou.
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Some innovative methods and techniques of teaching at higher education establishments are described, the advantages of these methods are demonstrated, special attention is paid to prospects of multimedia technologies application in education.
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The existence of direct dependence between mastering foreign language and development of thinking is proved since thinking is possible not only in mother tongue but in other languages. It is necessary to develop creative and independent thinking (ability to put forward new problems and solve them).
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Penetration into the object of cognition as a condition of forming of students' cognitive creative independence in heuristic learning is investigated in this article. Author's approaches to the learning of different disciplines with the help of penetration are presented.
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Forming communicative competencies in the process of teaching English for Technology to students of technical universities is considered in the article. One of the ways to intensify teaching and to create positive motivation is in thought to be methodologically expedient use of phraseological units belonging to different structural-semantic groups.
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The necessity of applying game forms in teaching higher mathematics to improve creative activity of students has been proved theoretically.
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FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES
A new approach for modeling of objects in the spherical coordinate system was suggested. Unlike classical approaches, our approach allows to model objects, which are represented by the spherical coordinate system. It allows to decrease the number of iteration, needed for modeling of such objects.
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Applying the model of f. c. c. lattice with central interaction in the first coordination sphere, by known X-ray diffractometry data elastic modules of Cu-Zn, Cu-Al and Cu-Sn solid solutions in harmonic approximation were evaluated. Obtained values of elastic modules are compared with known published data
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The technique of problem generating in Maple environment is developed for integration by parts of uncertain integrals. The technique includes creation and analysis by means of the system resources symbolic notations of data base from typical examples, development of mathematical model and its software realization in Maple environment .Results of efficiency test of the given generator are suggested.
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JUBILEES
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